KERN-NETWORK 15-05-2003 PURPOSE The purpose of the KERN-NETWORK program is to facilitate the design of trawl nets. Trawl nets are formed by a complex design of nets with varying maze size, attached to a number of netting lines. Fishing boards and bouys may be attached to the net to further control its position. The final shape of a trawl net under operation depends on many factors. This program computes the net dynamics and final net shape by taking into account external forces such as hydrodynamic resistance, towline forces, otterboard forces and buoyant forces. CONSIDERATIONS FILES OPERATIONS DISPLAY EDIT ADDSUBDEL VARIOUS GENERAL PROGRAM OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS The main menu bar is positioned at the top of the screen. A second menu bar is positioned at the bottom of the screen. Both menu bars can be activated by placing the cursor on top of the bar and pressing the left mouse button. The colours of the menu bar then change from dull colours to bright colours. Also, the shape of the mouse cursor changes from cross-hair to arrow, indicating that you leave graphical edit mode and enter menu mode, allowing you to indicate choices in the menus. To get back into graphical edit mode, the cursor must have a crosshair shape. If it has not, you are still in menu mode and you must click the mouse once in the graphical area.The bottom menu bar allows you to change from one edit mode into another, e.g. from 'i'nsert mode into 'r'eplace mode. This can also be done by pressing the 'r' key on the keyboard. This does not always work, because sometimes the cursor is simultaneously needed elsewhere on the screen, e.g. when you want to go into 'insert' starting the insertion at some specific point of the data. In that case, you have to put the cursor on top of the desired insertion point, leave it there, and then press the 'i' key on the keyboard. The program will then first identify the starting point where you left the cursor. After that, new data will be inserted starting at the indicated point. Although this procedure is not self explaining, it has proven to be very efficient in practice. If you do not immediately understand the meaning of the menu items, you can highlight the desired item by means of the arrow keys and press F1 for help. HELP INSTRUCTIONS F1 = help ; Press the F1 key for HELP. The HELP window behaves like any normal file viewer, apart from some features that have been added for convenience. Mostly, when you have pressed F1, the HELP window will start at the desired point in the help file. The cursor scrolling control allows quick leafing through this file, because the horizontal cursor position governs the speed at which vertical scrolling is performed. This can be at chapter, section, subsection or normal text speed. Furthermore, the Tab key toggles between a keyword menu and the complete text. Choose the desired keyword in the keyword menu, and press the Tab key again. The corresponding help text will immediately appear on the screen. A search function, key 'F7' has been added, that searches forward for the required text item. Leave help by pressing the Esc key. HISTORY F2 = history ; Press the F2 key to obtain information on the actions you have done so far. E.g. check the names of files that have been loaded earlier. In fact, HISTORY is a display of what has been written by the program in the file program.dia. HISTORY is also used as the general communication bulletin from the program to the user. So, if you have requested information on certain items, e.g. volumes and areas, then this information is first written to the file program.dia, after which HISTORY is invoked. Rename the file after your session if you want to keep the results for reference. P/PRINTSCREEN; Press the 'P' key to obtain a graphics hardcopy file of the current screen. FILE-MENU INSTRUCTIONS The file-menu consists of a list of files of a given profile on the left side of the screen, with a specification of their size, date and time and subdirectories. The initial profile depends on the type of data that you want to save or load. You can change the profile and the directory by pressing the Tab key. Pressing the Tab key again switches control back to the list of files on the left side of the screen. You can also navigate through directories by pressing the Enter key. It is possible to specify whether to KEEP DIRECTORY CHANGES YES OR NO in the VARIOUS/CHANGE PARAMETERS menu. GENERAL CURSOR AND KEYBOARD FUNCTIONS. The left mouse button activates or confirms desired actions. The Escape key (Esc) cancels the last edit action. The right mouse button may also confirm actions, or may put the program back into its original mode. In many situations, the 'Ins' and 'Enter' keys on the right hand bottom of a keyboard function in the same way as the left and right mouse button respectively. FILES In the FILES menu, options are available to import files required for the definition of a network to import previously defined networks. The results at each stage of the network definition process can be saved. The option to quit NETWORK is located here also. LOAD LAND BOUNDARY (*.ldb) The land boundary is in the file '*.ldb'. (Format, see appendix A.) LOAD NETWORK (*.net) The network is in the file '*.net'. The dimensions given in the second line of this file are one less then the dimensions that should be specified in the FLOW *.mdf file. LOAD PASSIVE NETWORK (*.net) A passive network may also be loaded. This passive network can be used to paste two networks together. Or to have on the screen while drawing a new network that is to be pasted later to it. The passive network is in the file '*.net'. LOAD SAMPLES (*.xyz) ADD SAMPLES (*.xyz) SAVE SPLINES (*.spl) Splines are saved in the file '*.spl'. SAVE NETWORK (*.net) The network is saved in the file '*.net'. Along with the network file, a second file is saved (*.enc), containing the so called network enclosure, that outlines all active computational networkmazes in KERN-NETWORK. SAVE SPLINES TO TEKAL (*.spt) The splines can be saved in the so called TEKAL format, so that the splines can be drawn with the TEKAL 'image' task. The splines are saved in a file called '*.spt'. SAVE NETWORK TO TEKAL (*.tek) The network can be saved in the so called TEKAL format, so that the network can be drawn with the TEKAL 'isof' task. The network is saved in a file called '*.tek', and contains the x, y coordinates, the resolution, the othogonality, the smoothness and the aspect ratios in columns for plotting using GPP [4]. STOP PROGRAM Exit from the RGFRID program. OPERATIONS In the OPERATIONS menu the user may choose to generate a network from a set splines and to perform various operations (refinement, orthogonalisation, translation and rotation) on the network. Refinement and orthogonalisation parameters must be changed in the VARIOUS menu. Operations at individual network-points cannot be selected from this menu; they can be selected in the graphical EDIT menu. CHANGE SPLINES INTO NETWORK The splines are ordered and directly refined into a regular network. The refinement factors can be specified in 'VARIOUS', 'CHANGE PARAMETERS', M-REFINEMENT FACTOR and N-REFINEMENT FACTOR. Spline intersection points can only be identified if the straight lines between the control points of two splines intersect. To check this visually, one can display the splines as straight lines in the 'CHANGE PARAMETERS' menu. The correct ordering is only possible if a consistent result-network is feasible. At present, the spline-network must satisfy the following RESTRICTIONS: splines may not intersect twice or intersect themselves splines with the same orientation may not intersect REFINE NETWORK First specify (option 'CHANGE PARAMETERS') the number of times that you want to refine the network in both the M- and N-direction (default value 2 in both directions). (factors for refinement specified in M- REFINEMENT FACTOR and N-REFINEMENT FACTOR).You can identify the M- and N-direction choosing DISPLAY, network, M,N coordinates. REFINE NETWORK LOCALLY First you specify (option 'CHANGE PARAMETERS') the number of times that the network has to be refined in the M- or N-direction (see REFINE NETWORK). Then you specify the line along which direction the refinement has to be performed. DEREFINE NETWORK The opposite of REFINE NETWORK. One limitation of the refinement procedure is that it can only refine by integer numbers. The de-refine option allows you to also refine by non-integer numbers. E.g. refinement by a factor of 1.5; first refine by a factor of 3, next de-refine by a factor of 2. Next, go to EDIT, network, line smooth to decrease the jump in network-sizes. DEREFINE NETWORK LOCALLY The opposite of REFINE NETWORK LOCALLY. First you specify (option 'CHANGE PARAMETERS'), the number of times that the network has to be derefined in the M- or N-direction (see DEREFINE NETWORK). Then you specify the line along which direction the refinement has to be performed. Next, smooth the jump in networksizes. ORTHOGONALISE NETWORK The refined network will be orthogonalised in accordance with the local network maze resolution, i.e. the overall shape will be conserved, but individual points may be shifted to get better orthogonality. You can specify parameters that control the orthogonalisation in VARIOUS/ CHANGE ORTHOGONALISATION PARAMETERS. CREATE RECTANGULAR OR CIRCULAR NETWORK Specify the network spacing, network origin and the number of network lines in both directions to quickly create a rectangular network. Grid sizes may be increased in size towards the boundaries by specifying the ration of the maximum network-size at the boundaries relative to the size of the uniform fraction. The uniform fraction is the number of network-mazes with uniform spacing vs. the total number of network-mazes in a direction. A circular network is created if the radius of curvature is non-zero. In that case, the network origin is interpreted as its centre point. The parameters involved are: NUMBER OF NETWORK POINTS M-DIRECTION NUMBER OF NETWORK POINTS N-DIRECTION DELTA X (M) NETWORK CELL SIZE M-DIRECTION (M) DELTA Y (M) NETWORK CELL SIZE N-DIRECTION (M) ORIGIN X0 (M) ORIGIN Y0 (M) ROTATION LEFT (DEGREES) RADIUS OF CURVATURE (M) UNIFORM FRACTION M ( ) MAXIMUM SIZE / UNIFORM SIZE (M) UNIFORM FRACTION N ( ) MAXIMUM SIZE / UNIFORM SIZE (N) TRANSLATE OR ROTATE THE NETWORK This option may be applied if you are changing to a new coordinate system which has a different position of the origin or another orientation. COMPILE DD BOUNDARIES FROM *.bnd This option is only relevant to users of the domain-decomposition system. When you are creating a multi-domain model, the individual mono-blocks are coupled here, after you have indicated the open model boundaries in EDIT DD BOUNDARIES. All networks in the current directory are seen as potential candidates for the coupling procedure. The DD administration is written to a file called 'ddbound'. UNDO Undo the last change of the network. DISPLAY In the DISPLAY menu options are presented to display a network and its properties. Display characteristics (colours, colour scales etc.) may be changed here as well. The following keys may be useful: Z = ZOOMIN Press the 'Z' key to zoom in. When at that moment the cursor is not close to the screen border, a viewing area will be indicated by a window. When the cursor is close to the screen border, the screen will be shifted ('panned'). LMS = ZOOM LMS, left mouse key. The indicated window area can be accepted by pressing the left mouse button (or the 'Ins' -key). RMS = BACK: The default viewing area can be restored by pressing the right mouse button (or the 'Enter'-key). The default viewing area is determined by the extremes of all data loaded. Z = ZOOM OUT DEL = cycle through zoom sequence + = LARGER Press '+'-key to enlarge the viewing window.: - = SMALLER: Press '-'-key to shrink the viewing window. A = ANCHOR: When pressing the 'A' key on the keyboard a so-called anchor will appear, which acts as zero-distance point. The distance of the present cursor position to this point is displayed below the X,Y position of the cursor on the right upper corner of the screen, after the keyword 'DIS'. DISPLAY THE LAND BOUNDARY The following display options are available for displaying the land-boundary: NO LAND BOUNDARY LINES LINES + DOTS DISPLAY THE SPLINES The following display options are available: NO SPLINES SPLINES WITH DOTS SPLINES WITH DOTS AND M,N COORDINATES SPLINES DISPLAY THE NETWORK The following options are available for displaying a network: NO NETWORK NETWORK SOLID LINES NETWORK DOTTED LINES NETWORK SPLINE SHAPE SOLID LINES NETWORK SPLINE SHAPE DOTTED LINES NETWORK SOLID LINES PLUS M,N COORDINATES The latter option is provided so that you can check and control a network administrative lower left corner, i.e. the location of the (1,1) point. It gives the least confusion if this point is located at the lower left corner. DISPLAY THE PREVIOUS STATE NETWORK Sometimes, when editing the network, it may be convenient to display the network both in its present and previous state on the screen at the same time. The usual display options are available: NO NETWORK NETWORK SOLID LINES NETWORK DOTTED LINES NETWORK SPLINE SHAPE SOLID LINES NETWORK SPLINE SHAPE DOTTED LINES NETWORK SOLID LINES PLUS M,N COORDINATES DISPLAY THE PASSIVE NETWORK The passive network can be displayed with the usual options: NO NETWORK NETWORK SOLID LINES NETWORK DOTTED LINES NETWORK SPLINE SHAPE SOLID LINES NETWORK SPLINE SHAPE DOTTED LINES NETWORK SOLID LINES PLUS M,N COORDINATES NETWORK PROPERTIES Specify the desired network property to be shown: NO NETWORK PROPERTY ORTHOGONALITY Cell centred cosine value. Keep this value low in the inner model area, e.g. 0.02-0.04. The error in the direction of the pressure gradient in FLOW is proportional to the deviation of the cosine value from zero. Near closed boundaries, larger values can be tolerated than in the inner model area. RESOLUTION Square root of networkmaze area. M-SMOOTHNESS Ratio between adjacent networkmaze lengths in M- direction, value > 1. N-SMOOTHNESS M-CURVATURE Reciproke value of radius of curvature, times 1000. N-CURVATURE M-SIZE Gridmaze size in M-direction N-SIZE ASPECT-RATIO Ratio of M-size/N-size, value > 1. PRESENTATION OF NETWORK PROPERTIES Specify how to display the desired network property: NO NETWORK PROPERTIES COLOURED DOTS ISOFIL ISOLINE POINTS YET TO BE FOUND This option is of no value in this context. NUMBERS VIEW ON TOP View the network from above (default case). VIEW PERSPECTIVE In the perspective window, the viewing angle can be changed by clicking the left mouse button. Moving the cursor up means looking from a higher point. Moving the cursor to the right means moving your head to the right. When redrawing, the program may be interrupted by pressing the left mouse button. So you can shift to a new viewing position a little quicker. Press the 'Tab' key to go into depth cursor mode, controlled by the arrow keys. Press the left mouse button to regain view angle control, leave PERSPECTIVE VIEW by pressing the right mouse button. CHANGE ISOCOLOUR PARAMETERS This parameter form allows you to specify how the isocolour figures should be displayed: NUMBER OF ISOCOLOURS The number of isocolours can be specified in the range 2-31 AUTOSCALE ON OR OFF Specify whether the program should determine the isocolour values automati-cally, or to do it yourself. If you leave it to the program, it will determine the minimum and maximum depth value within the viewing area and display the number of isocolours specified above. Zooming in will always result in display of the same number of isocolours. If you want to specify the isocolour values yourself, you have to specify one of the three parameters below. When zooming in, the isocolour values will remain fixed. MINIMUM ISOLINE VALUE Specifying this value turns autoscale off. MAXIMUM ISOLINE VALUE Specifying this value turns autoscale off. ISOLINE INTERVAL Specifying this value turns autoscale off. COLOUR NUMBER OF FIRST COLOUR There are 255 colour numbers available. The isoline colour band is evenly distributed over the number of isocolours between this index and the next. COLOUR NUMBER OF LAST COLOUR There are 255 colour numbers available. The isoline colour band is evenly distributed over the number of isocolours between this index and the previous. X COOR LOWER LEFT CORNER OF LEGEND (0-1) Y COOR LOWER LEFT CORNER OF LEGEND (0-1) These coordinates in between 0 and 1 put the isocolour scale on the screen at the desired position. NUMBER OF DECIMALS COLOURSCALE LEGEND FONTSIZE OF COLOURSCALE LEGEND (0.5-1.5) CHANGE DISPLAY PARAMETERS This parameter form allows you to specify display and hard-copy characteristics: HARDCOPY DRIVER NUMBER You can choose from the following hardcopy drivers: 1 : HP-GL, 2: PostScript/EPS, 3: Acorn Draw format, 4: Raster printer, 5: Tektronix 4014, 6: Raster image file (PCX/BMP), 7: Lotus PIC format, 8: AutoCAD DXF format, 9: CGM format, 10:Window Print Manager, 11:WMF, 12:HPGL2. The default hardcopy driver is selectable in the initialisation file. ENCAPSULATED POSTSCRIPT Encapsulated Postscript is suitable for desktop publishing packages and word processors. The position on the page depends on the package. Plain Postscript is meant for printers. The position on the page is prescribed in the file itself. LANDSCAPE Or portrait, 1 or 0 SIZE OF DOTS As a fraction of the screen size SIZE OF NUMBERS In Display as numbers DEFAULT VALUE Usually, -999 LEFT SCREEN MARGIN Only when plotting axis: as a fraction of the screen size BOTTOM SCREEN MARGIN Only when plotting axis: as a fraction of the screen size PLOTTING AXIS YES/NO SCALEFACTOR FOR VECTORS (ONLY QUICKIN) SECOND DEPTH SQUARE PLOTSIZE (ONLY QN) This option is only relevant to users of DELFTFLS. When using the second depth plotting options SQUARE NETWORKCELL (typically for ARC-INFO rectangular networks, mostly in combination with DELFT-FLS), one can plot the bathymetry loaded as *.adp and the waterlevel loaded as *.amz both in one figure. If you want to visualise the bathymetry underlying the waterlevel, reduce the second depth square plotsize. VERTICAL AXIS UP(1) OR DOWN(-1) ISOSCALE ON OR OFF Show the colourband on the left side of the screen yes or no. ISOSCALE ON ISOSCALE OFF SHOW ORTHOGONALISATION YES OR NO YES Do show orthogonalisation by drawing subsequent iterations. NO Do not show orthogonalisation. This saves time. ZOOM IN Or, press the 'Z' key to obtain the zoom facility in just one key stroke. REDRAW Or, press 'Z', 'Esc'. HARDCOPY Or, press 'P'. LOAD COLOURTABLE (in file *.hls) You can choose from a number of predifined colour schemes. EDIT In the EDIT menu several edit modes can be selected. An edit mode is an operation mode, i.e. a set of operation instructions which is valid for a certain dataset, and which may go with some specific display method. The following data groups may be modified: SPLINES, NETWORK, SECOND NETWORK and the LAND BOUNDARY. The latter two are not implemented yet. ESC = UNDO ; In most edit modes, 'Esc' will undo the latest action. EDIT SPLINES I = INSERT ; If the program is in insert mode, (message 'INSERT A POINT' at the lower left side of the screen), click the left mouse button at different positions to create a spline. To start a new spline, press the right mouse button. If you want to insert spline points next to a point on an already existing spline, first put the cursor on that point, then press 'i' on the keyboard. The program will identify the desired spline and allow insertion by now pressing the left mouse button. R = REPLACE; Shift spline points that have already been put in position by pressing the 'R' button. You will enter 'R'eplace mode. The message at the bottom left of the screen now reads 'GET A POINT'. If you have got it by pressing the left mouse button, the message will read 'PUT A POINT', and you can do so by pressing the left mouse button at the new desired position. D = DELETE ; Go into delete mode and delete spline points by just clicking them. EDIT NETWORK Selection of the EDIT NETWORK option results in the replacement of the EDIT menu by a new sub-menu with network editing options as descibed below (you can check this by selecting EDIT NETWORK and then selecting the EDIT option from the main menu. Choosing the BACK TO MAIN EDIT MODES option from the sub-menu causes the primary EDIT menu to be restored. POINT MODE R = REPLACE: Press the 'R' key (or the R=replace option in the bottom menu line), to enter 'R'eplace mode. The message at the bottom left of the screen now reads 'GET A POINT'. If you have got the network point by pressing the left mouse button, the message will read 'PUT A POINT', and you can do so by pressing the left mouse button at the new desired position. I = INSERTG: If the program is in insert mode, (message 'INSERT A POINT' at the lower left side of the screen), click the left mouse button inside a networkmaze to create a new networkmaze at the border of the network. The indicated network maze will be 'mirrored' to the network maze side closest to the clicking point. D = DELETE : Go into delete mode and delete network points by just clicking them. TAB = DCURSOR; In 'edit network' mode and 'perspective view', one can press the Tab key to go into 'depth cursor mode' (dcursor), that allows you to 'walk' (with the arrow keys), the cursor over the depth points, following the network coordinates, by pressing the arrow key. (of course, mentally replace the word 'depth' by the words 'network property, pertaining to the most recently requested network property.) FIELD MODE Modifications will be made by shifting the centre point of a field of points. The field transformation is based upon the relative shift of the centre point. For all mazes in the vicinity of the centre, that shift is transformed to their local network maze orientation and will be decreased in magnitude in proportion to the physical distance to the centre maze.In that way a quasi-orthogonal transformation is induced. The area of influence is always one sixth of the area that is currently displayed on the screen. (This is equal to the size of the window that appears after the Z(oom) key has been pressed. So, if you want to decrease or increase the area of influence, zoom in or zoom out). LINE MODE The operations line shift, line attraction, line repulsion and line smooth operate in line mode. They all use the same procedure to indicate a line and an influence area. You first have to INDICATE A LINE by marking its endpoints, using the left mouse buttons, then you have to INDICATE INFLUENCE AREA by marking one or two network-points at one or both side of the line, respectively. Pressing 'Esc' enables the replacement of the last added point; pressing 'Esc'+'Esc' cancels all the selected block points, after you may redo the selection procedure. You press the right mouse button or the Enter key for the final selection of line and area. After the indication you perform the operation (e.g. line shifting, attraction or repulsion) The result is finally accepted (pressing Enter), but can still be reversed (by pressing the 'Esc'+'Esc'+'Esc' key, or pressing the UNDO menu button). LINE SHIFT This option is included in the program to provide the possibility to fit the network's edges to a land boundary. First you INDICATE A LINE and INDICATE AN INFLUENCE AREA. Then, you can SHIFT THE LINE by shifting some or all of the individual points of that line. The endpoints can also be shifted. After pressing the Enter key or the right mouse button to indicate that the line has been put into the correct new position, the points on the line between the end-points will be shifted by linear interpolation between all repositioned points. Then, a field transformation will be performed in the influence area, similar as described under 'FIELD MODE' above, with centre points that are now consecutive points on the shifted centre line. If you are not satisfied with the transformed result, press 'Esc'+'Esc'+'Esc'. You will then be put back into LINE SHIFT MODE. Pressing Enter will accept the result and also put you back into 'LINE SHIFT MODE' mode. You can carry on shifting lines by simply repeating the same sequence of actions. LINE ATTRACTION Here, you have again to INDICATE A LINE, by marking its endpoints, and to INDICATE AN INFLUENCE AREA (see 'LINE MODE'). The network will be attracted to the indicated line, making use of the line transformation described above, in the field indicated by the influence area. Accept or refuse (by pressing the 'Esc'+'Esc'+'Esc' key) the result. LINE REPULSION The reverse of 'LINE ATTRACTION'. LINE TO LAND BOUNDARY A network's edge can be fitted to a land-boundary by hand, using the 'LINE MODE' option, or automatically, using the present option, 'LINE TO LAND BOUNDARY'. The automatic option may not always deliver exactly what you want. This can be caused by irregular shapes in the land-boundary. However, we do not want to be compelled to analyse and polish up the land-boundary a priori, in the digitising phase. Therefore, both the automated and hand option are included in the program. Just indicate the first and last point of the line that you want to fit to the land-boundary. Next, all intermediate points will be translated to their nearest land boundary. Then, a line shift will be performed, equal to the one mentioned above, shifting the indicated line and the surrounding network. Press Esc if the result is unsatisfactory. The original network will then be restored. The algorithm which decides to which land- boundary line segment the network line should be attracted, first looks for the closest land-boundary point. An error may occur here, if the closest land- boundary line segment is very long, and land-boundary points of other segments are more close to the indicated networkline. In that case, go to the option MODIFY LAND BOUNDARY (not implemented as yet), and add some points to the long land-boundary segment, so that points on this segment are closest to the indicated networkline. LINE TO SPLINE LINE SMOOTH You have to INDICATE A LINE, by marking its endpoints, and to INDICATE AN INFLUENCE AREA (see 'LINE SHIFT MODE'). Within this area, the network will be smoothed into the direction indicated by the line. Accept or refuse (by pressing the 'Esc'+'Esc'+'Esc' key) the result. BLOCK MODE Block delete, block cut, block orthogonalise and block smooth all operate in block mode. An influence area (block) is indicated by pressing two, three or four points. BLOCK DELETE Click two, three, or four points to indicate the corners of the networkblock that you want to delete. A minimal block is selected which just contains the selected points. Press 'Esc' if you want to replace the latest indicated point, press 'Esc'-+'Esc' to redo the selection of the block. Pressing the right mouse button or the Enter key results in the annihilation of the block area. Press 'Esc'+'Esc'+'Esc' if you want to cancel the latest action. BLOCK CUT Click two, three, or four points to indicate the corners of the networkblock. A minimal block is selected which just contains the selected points. Press 'Esc' if you want to replace the latest indicated point, press 'Esc'+'Esc' to redo the selection of the block. Pressing the right mouse button or the Enter key results in the annihilation of the network in the area outside the selected block. Press 'Esc'+'Esc'+'Esc' if you want to cancel the latest action. BLOCK ORTHOGONALISE Click two, three, or four points to indicate the corners of the networkblock. A minimal block is selected which just contains the selected points. Press 'Esc' if you want to replace the latest indicated point, press 'Esc'+'Esc' to redo the selection of the block. Pressing the right mouse button or the Enter key results in the orthogonalisation of the network inside the selected block. Press 'Esc'+'Esc'+'Esc' if you want to cancel the latest action. BLOCK SMOOTH Click two, three, or four points to indicate the corners of the networkblock. A minimal block is selected which just contains the selected points. Press 'Esc' if you want to replace the latest indicated point, press 'Esc'+'Esc' to redo the selection of the block. Pressing the right mouse button or the Enter key results in the smoothing of the network inside the selected block. Press 'Esc'+'Esc'+'Esc' if you want to cancel the latest action. BACK TO MAIN EDIT MODES The functionality of the main edit menu is restored under the EDIT option. EDIT DD BOUNDARIES (and fix bnd points) This option is only relevant to users of the domain-decomposition system. Open boundaries or open DD boundaries can be edited by clicking boundary points that lie on the same networkline. One can delete boundary points by first pressing the 'D' key and click with the left mouse button. (R)eplace mode and (I) nsert mode are also available. The specified boundaries are saved with the network in a file that is called *.bnd (* being the name of the saved network), see appendix A, using the FLOW format for waterlevel boundaries. DD boundaries are also used in the orthogonalisation process. Because open boundaries or DD boundaries can only be clicked on boundary points, their administration can be used to fix boundary points in the orthogonalisation process. EDIT POLYGON A polygon can be edited to that can be used for instance if you want to delete some complex shaped part of the network in 'ADDSUBDEL'. Use the left mouse key, press the 'I' key for insert mode, the 'R' key for replace mode, the 'D' key for delete mode, or the 'Esc' key to undo the last mouse press. EDIT NETWORK I Insert nodes click new nodes if space is free, otherwise attach to existing node R Replace nodes click node to another position D Delete nodes remove node and lines M Merge nodes merge node 1 and 2 F Fix nodes fix to position (node code = -1) O Oneline remove node, keep lines, only for nodes with two lines B Boat nodes mark nodes for boat (node code = -2) T Ton nodes mark nodes for buoy (node code = 3) L Line nodes mark nodes for force toward ldb (node code = 4) W Wing mark node for otterboard (node code = 2 V View change viewplane Z Zoom zoom in/out, pan ADDSUBDEL The ADDSUBDEL menu provides options to delete the splines, the network, the second network, and the land boundary. Also, an option will be provided to paste two networks together. DELETE SPLINES Delete all the splines in the spline network. DELETE NETWORK Delete the current network. DELETE PREVIOUS STATE NETWORK Delete the sprevious state network. DELETE PASSIVE NETWORK Delete the current second network. DELETE LAND BOUNDARY Delete the domain polygon. DELETE LANDBOUNDARY Delete the land-boundary. DELETE DD BOUNDARIES Delete domain-decomposition boundaries. DELETE POLYGON Delete the polygon. PASTE PASSIVE NETWORK TO NETWORK The second network is pasted to the current network. The M,N-orientations of both network do not have to match. Two networks can only be pasted if the dimensions of the resulting network fit within the maximum allowable dimensions. The network points on the junction line(s) should be relatively close to each other, i.e. less than one quarter of a network maze apart. On the junction line, the networkpoints are a weigthed average of the network and the passive network. The weighting factor can be changed in the CHANGE PARAMETERS menu. ROTATE NETWORK ADMINISTRATION (90 LEFT) The M,N orientation of the network is rotated over 90 degrees (counterclock wise). Maybe you want to arrange the 1,1 network point on the lower left side of the screen. SWAP NETWORK AND PASSIVE NETWORK When pasting networks, one may want to alter either the network or the passive network to obtain better alignment. To edit the passive network, just swap the network with the passive network and edit it. COPY NETWORK ADMINISTRATION TO PASSIVE NETWORK This option allows you to visualise the network topology in the 'administrative' space (as opposed to the physical space). It helps you decide which network extensions are allowable so that overlap is avoided. (The network should always be a monoblock structure). VARIOUS In the VARIOUS menu various parameters for network control are presented. SHORTSTOP To quit NETWORK quickly, avoiding the WL/Delft Hydraulics logo. ACTUAL AND MAXIMUM DATA DIMENSIONS The actual and maximum dimensions of various data groups are presented in HISTORY. CHANGE PARAMETERS The following parameters influence the behaviour of the operations above. They are set via the following parameter list:. M-REFINEMENT FACTOR A value of 2 gives twice as many networkmazes in M- direction N-REFINEMENT FACTOR A value of 2 gives twice as many networkmazes in M- direction NUMBER OF SMOOTHING ITERATIONS The smoothing in edit mode is controlled by this parameter. SMOOTHING PARAMETER The smoothing in edit mode is also controlled by this parameter. A value of 0.0 results in no smoothing, a value of 1 in maximum smoothing. ATTRACTION/REPULSION PARAMETER Attraction / repulsion in edit mode is controlled by this parameter. The value is the fractional change in size of the first network-maze adjacent to the indicated line. Increase this value for more attraction or repulsion. PASSIVE NETWORK OR NETWORK FIXED IN PASTE When pasting a network to a passive network, the network points on the networks junction line are a weighted average between both networks. If you want to keep these points in the position of the passive network, set this parameter to 1. To keep the position of the network, choose 0. A value in between averages. GO BACK TO STARTUP DIRECTORY YES OR NO When navigating through the directories in the file menu, you can specify whether to always go back to the start-up directory (1), or keep the latest directory so that you have to navigate only once (0). LINE OR SPLINE REPRESENTATION Splines, or network boundaries in the orthogonalisation process, can also be represented as straight lines if this parameter is put to a zero value.. EQUIDISTANT OR SMOOTH INTERPOLATION When iterpolating the splines into a network, equidistant interpolation can be specified using a value of 0. CHANGE ORTHOGONALISATION PARAMETERS With this parameter form the orthogonalisation process can be controlled: ITERATIONS ATTRACTION PARAMETER The shape of the resulting network is based on the so called attraction parameter, i.e. the local aspect ratio of the original network. One complete orthogonalisation cycle consists of three loops. The outer loop is the attraction parameter loop, in which this parameter field is established. Only few of these loops are usually performed. Next, several boundary loops are performed, in each of which the inner area is solved several times. Increasing the number of attraction parameter iterations improves orthogonality, but at increases deviation from the originally designed shape. ITERATIONS BOUNDARY In one boundary loop, all boundary points are updated once, and all inner area points are updated as many times as specified by the next parameter. We advise values in the following range: [5 - 20]. ITERATIONS INNER AREA The number of inner area iterations in the orthogonalisation is advised in the range: [10 - 50]. INFLUENCE ORIGINAL NETWORK SHAPE This parameter specifies the influence of the specified network shape in the inner area during the orthogonalisation procedure. The network shape in the inner area can be specified in three ways, see DESIGN METHOD below. With a value of 1 the specified shape is maintained as closely as possible. With a value of 0, the shape mostly depends on the shape of the boundaries and the internal cornerpoints. Any value between 0 and 1 can be chosen. POSITION BOUNDARY POINTS This parameter specifies the freedom of movement of boundary points. These points move along splines spanned by the outer points of the network. A value of 1 gives full freedom of movement, whereas a value of 0 keeps boundary points completely fixed. Any value between 0 and 1 may be chosen. DESIGN METHOD, 1, 2, OR 3 This parameter specifies in what way the attraction parameter (local aspect ratio) field is created. In the standard method 1 this field is based upon the aspect ratios of the original design network. With method 2, the polygon can be applied to control network spacing. Using method 3, the network resolution is controlled based upon features in a bathymetry that can be loaded by means of the samples. This method is therefore called 'DEPTH DESIGN'. In this method, the attraction parameter field is based upon network spacing functions both in the M and N direction. Their local ratio forms the desired attraction parameter field. Both the M and N network spacing functions can be controlled by a number of parameters, that are explained below. The same parameters also apply to method 2, that can be seen as a special case of method 3, in which the bathymetry is specified by specifying a constant 'depth' inside the polygon, different from the also constant 'depth' outside the polygon. DEPTH DESIGN, SMALL/LARGE SIZE RATIO (N) Both for the M and the N direction, the size ratio between the smallest and largest networksize in that direction can be specified. If a value of 1 is specified, a uniform distribution results. Choosing a small value will result in large networksize variation. If a value of 0 is specified, this is seen as a special case and the original network shape is applied as the desired network spacing function. DEPTH DESIGN, SMALL/LARGE SIZE RATIO (M) See (N) above DEPTH DESIGN, DEPTH VS SLOPE WEIGHT Both the depth and the slope can be applied as network spacing control functions. To obtain a high resolution in deep areas only, specify a SMALL/LARGE SIZE RATIO below 1, e.g. 0.1, and specify a DEPTH VS SLOPE WEIGHT parameter of 1. To obtain small mazes at steep slopes only, specify a value of 0. Any value in between 0 and 1 can be applied. In the future, the slope variation is foreseen as a controlling parameter as well. DEPTH DESIGN, NR SMOOTHING ITERATIONS To obtain smoother transitions between sloping and non sloping area's, the network spacing functions can be smoothed. The smoothing parameters apply both to the (M) and (N) direction. Also, the smoothing may be applied to 'spread' the network spacing information towards networkmazes that initially may lie outside the area that needs to get a high resolution. In each attraction parameter iteration, see above, the network point spacing function is evaluated, and applied in the following orthogonalisation loop, which results in shifting the networkpoints to their final position. Once getting closer to their final position, the smoothing may be decreased, so that the bathymetry features become more apparent in the network. This process may be automated in future. DEPTH DESIGN, SMOOTHING FACTOR Smoothing weight of point itself vs neigbours. DEPTH DESIGN, FIELD VS LINE WEIGHT (N) The SMALL/LARGE SIZE RATIO parameter can either be specified to apply to the whole network, or to every networkline. I.e. should the specified SMALL/LARGE SIZE RATIO in the given direction be applied to the whole network or to every networkline. If a value of 1 is chosen, this ratio will only occur at the maximum value of entire spacing function. If a value of 0 is chosen, this size ration will occur at every networkline. DEPTH DESIGN, FIELD VS LINE WEIGHT (M) See (N) above NETWORK FOR DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION This option is only relevant to users of the domain-decomposition system. There are two types of networks, normal networks, and DD networks. DD networks are normal networks that have an extra border of network-mazes surrounding the normal network as required by the domain decomposition solver. A DD network has a first line in the network file which says: NETWORK FOR DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION. If the program reads such a network, the program first deletes the border and flags that the current network is a DD network. Now, you can treat the network like any normal network, using the principle of what you see is what you get, in this case meaning that you obtain active computational network-mazes for all (m,n) water-level points that have four surrounding network-points. (each closed network-maze that you can see on the screen becomes a water-level maze). When writing a DD network, the program writes the first line with NETWORK FOR DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION and then writes a network with the restored border. The corresponding network enclosure file is treated accordingly. The present option allows you at any time to choose whether you want to treat the current network as a DD network or a normal network when writing to file. When reloading that network, you will obtain the same network on the screen. HARDCOPY The options are selected in the INITIALIZATION FILE in fields following the key word @HARDCOPYOPTIONS. Several options may be specified. Each option is indicated by a number, a second number IVALUE specifies the modification made to this option. In the following only the most important options are presented. The list of options is ended by the key word @ENDHARDCOPY Option 5 allows the image to be printed in Portrait (IVALUE=0) or Landscape mode (IVALUE=1). Option 9 controls the line thickness. When plotting at high print resolutions the default line thickness gives lines which are slightly thicker than the minimum device resolution. The ideal thickness depends largely on output device and personal taste. The IVALUE gives the linethickness in tenths of a point. Option 25 determines the area fill method to be used by drivers which provide some form of fill primitive capability, but which are likely to be subject to some form of driver-specific limitations. IVALUE=0 selects the generic method, IVALUE=1 enables driver specific fills to be used when appropriate. Option 18 controls the inclusion of replay information in HP-GL output files: IVALUE=0 indicates no inclusion of replay information, IVALUE=1 indicates inclusion. Option 22 determines wether the PostScript driver generates files in EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) format. By default the PostScript driver generates printer output. If the EPS options is enabled, output files are generated in a slightly different modified format which is suitable for inclusion in WP/DTP documents which are to be printed on PostScript printers. Option 23 specifies the number of colour planes in a bit image file generated by the raster image file driver. IVALUE should be 1, 4 or 8, which gives 2, 16 or 256 colours respectively. Monochrome images are generated by default.